Pyridoxine
Pyridoxine and pyridoxamine are two forms of the water soluble vitamin-B6. Both compounds are composed of a pyridine base from which their names are derived. These compounds are used by both multi-cellular and unicellular life as secondary and primary nutritional source ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13806048|Burg et al., 1960]). Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP) is the biologically active form used as an enzymatic cofactor. Toxicity in humans is rare and has only been observed at megadoses (14,000mg/kg), resulting in sensory neuropathy ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2992059|Ohnishi et al., 1985]). There are two distinct yet related bacterial pathways for the degradation of pyridoxine. The bacteria that carry out these reactions can use pyridoxine as their sole carbon source. The first step in each pathway is a dehydrogenation reaction; in pathway I it is at the 4 position, and in pathway II it is at the 5 position. After this step, both pathways proceed through a series of pyridine compounds before ring cleavage, but none of the pyridine intermediates are common to both pathways ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3771566|Nelson et al., 1986]).